Hebron, also known as Al-Khalil in Arabic, is a city located 32 kilometers south of Jerusalem. It is one of the oldest continuously occupied cities in the world and has been an important focus of religious worship for more than two millennia. Today, Hebron is the largest Palestinian city and the commercial capital of the West Bank, with a population of around 250,000 people. The Hebrew word Hebron derives from the Hebrew word for friend (who has), a description of the patriarch Abraham.
The Arabic Al-Khalil, literally “the friend”, is almost identical in origin and also refers to Abraham (Ibrahim), whom Muslims similarly describe as the friend of God. Hebron was administered as part of the British Mandate of Palestine (1920-4); after the first of the Arab-Israeli wars in 1948-49, it was in territory annexed by Jordan (1950). After the Six-Day War in June 1967, it formed part of the West Bank territory that came under Israeli occupation. New excavations carried out by archaeologists indicate that Hebron was fortified during the Iron Age, some 700 to 1000 years later.
The wall was possibly built during the days of Hezekiah, who rebelled against the Assyrian supreme lord of Judah, Sennacherib. The building called the Tomb of the Patriarchs because it houses Sarah, Isaac and Jacob, as well as Abraham, is divided to serve the Jewish and Muslim faithful. In modern times, indecent anti-Semitism against Jews and their accusation of persecution against them have always been so, and unfortunately still exist today. It was also decided that, on an equal number of days a year, the sacred site would be reserved only for members of a community.
However, with the violence that followed the Six-Day War, the center of the Old City became a place of confrontation. In the decade following the Six-Day War, when the euphoria of victory had diminished, Judea and Samaria were still largely disturbed by Jews. The old city of Hebron is now a semi-abandoned area where its inhabitants cannot help but express their hatred towards settlers every time they meet a foreigner. From a topographical point of view, Hebron is not easily defensible but it is located near a cultivation area and near a spring that until the Ottoman period was called “En Hebra” (spring of Hebron).
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